NIFS Healthy Living Blog

Note: Please consult with your physician and/or a nutritionist before incorporating any major dietary changes or restrictions.

How Exercise Affects Your Body

Your entire body is put under stress during a workout. Each body system fires in its own unique way in unison to keep pushing. Quite simply put, you might think of exercise as a controlled practice of breaking your body down to rebuild stronger.

With each repetition, your muscle tissues are breaking down, releasing byproducts that stimulate your energy systems for sustained effort. We need this to keep moving, once we’ve used up our initial ATP Phosphocreatine and glycogen.

In recovery phases, these byproducts of lactate contribute to growth responses at the cellular level. Through the process of rebuilding, in recovery, our body utilizes nutrition, sleep, and hydration to “fortify” itself. It is amazing the adaptations the human body can make to a stimulus it is exposed to.

We also see with weight training or impact loading in aerobic exercises, that our bones have little cells called osteocytes that calcify and contribute to denser bone structures. All processes in your entire body are affected by physical activity, but the adaptations I mentioned are only optimal when we fuel our bodies correctly.

Why You Might Not Be Making “Gains”

Let me ask you this… How much do you eat every day? How much are you sleeping every night?

If you answered conservatively or with a low estimate of calories per day, that is your first issue. To gain muscle mass, or any mass, a surplus of daily calories is ideal. That isn’t eating the maintenance level of calories per day; that is eating above that range.

Prioritizing healthy and nutrient-dense food options may be an obvious thing for some. Assuming you do not have special dietary considerations, you might look at a macromodel of nutrition.

Understanding the Macromodel of Nutrition

The macromodel of nutrition is a generalized diet practice incorporating an emphasis on the content of major macromolecules in our foods. Carbs, Proteins, and Fats are the Macromolecules that our body utilizes.

Daily Caloric Split (Macromodel Example):

• Carbohydrates: 45–65%

• Proteins: 10–35%

• Fats: 10–25%

Carbohydrates: Fuel Your Activities

Carbohydrates consist of an average of 45-65% of our total caloric intake per day. These molecules can be simple and complex. Simple carbs are found in sugar, bread, fruits, and quickly digested foods. Complex carbs consist of starches, vegetables, legumes, and fibrous options. Complex carbs take longer to digest, but keep the body fueled for sustained effort due to a generally higher caloric content.

The positive aspect of simple carbohydrates is that they offer quick energy with less time to digest and offer availability in our tissues for rapid use. The drawback of simple carbs is that they hike up our blood sugar, which puts a higher glycemic load on the body. In a healthy individual, that is fine and could offer recovery benefits if training (paired with protein), because they have a healthy insulin response to this sudden sugar spike. The sugar gets to our muscles and “where it needs to go” with insulin release from our liver. In an older individual or an individual with compromised energy systems, such as diabetes and metabolic conditions, it may be better to favor more complex carbs that slow digestion and the release of sugar due to the fiber content.

For the general person, the main consideration for training days would be windows of digestion and bioavailability. Typically, 2-3 hours would be a good timeframe before training to prioritize your simpler sugars. Beyond that, 3-5 hours before exercise would emphasize complex carbohydrates. For example, when you train legs at 4 pm, you might look at a 12 pm lunch with a fibrous salad and lean protein. At 3 pm, you may eat an apple for a quick pick-me-up before your squats. You allow that digestion time for fibrous foods in advance and rely on the quick, simple carbs before your higher activity level. 

Fats (Lipids): Essential and Beneficial

Many people are misinformed by thinking that limiting fats in their diet is “healthy” is good, but this is a nuanced subject. Fats (Lipids) support our health more related to sustained low-intensity activities, cellular function, and hormonal responses. We need an essential level of fat stored on our bodies to allow for healthy bodily functions. Our body can convert excess energy into body fat from other macromolecules like carbs and proteins, when eating those in surplus as well.

Don’t shy away or eliminate fat in your diet, because it is necessary for your health and functioning. In a macromodel meal plan, you might prioritize 10-25% of your diet to involve a balance of saturated animal fats and unsaturated fats such as nuts, olive oil, avocados, and chia seeds.

Saturated fats can be moderately consumed by healthy individuals with well-regulated metabolism and regular physical activity. However, when eaten in excess amounts regularly in our diet, it may be connected to endothelial dysfunction and, in the long term, may contribute to atherosclerosis. This happens when the endothelial layer (inside walls of our blood vessels and capillaries are unable to release Nitric oxide as effectively to dilate. The reduced endothelial function leads to the formation of superoxide and oxidative stressors, which, over time, can lead to heart disease. Continued moderate to high intensity aerobic activity is one way to protect against the oxidative stress caused by excess fats in our diet.

One consideration before exercise would be to avoid high-fat content in your food choices before exercise, because it may negatively affect nitric oxide bioavailability when going into exercise.

Proteins: Your Body’s Building Blocks

Proteins are less involved in our daily energy levels during activities or at rest, and are more involved in the recovery processes across your entire body. As members of a gym, we think in terms of muscle tissue, but realistically, protein and amino profiles from our diet are involved in building all cells from our own DNA structures. We need proteins to utilize our “genetic scaffolding” and, from that, adapt and build new tissues after they break.

Maintaining a consistent protein intake of around 0.8-1.1g per kilogram per day is a minimal maintenance guideline. That need could be higher based on the individual, their regular physical activity, and other lifestyle factors.

One consideration after exercise would be to consume protein and carbohydrates within a 45-minute window after exercise. For strength training, that would look like a 3:1 ratio of grams of protein to carbohydrates. This would aid in replenishment of glycogen (“sugar” in our muscles) after exercise and may mitigate loss of muscle mass after exercise.

How NIFS Can Help

If you’d like to learn more about your caloric needs at rest or with activity, please contact our fitness center. We offer RMR (resting metabolic rate) testing, as well as Vo2 Max testing. Both assessments may help you dial your diet to reach your goals.

We made it to 2026! NIFS has your back this year, and we want to see you reach your big goals and be the healthiest version of yourself. So, where do we start this year?

The hardest part of adopting healthier habits is envisioning where we truly want to be long term. It is hard to start if we don’t know the finish line. If there is a disconnection between our intrinsic motivation and our current behaviors, then that is a good place to explore first.

Check-In / Let’s Stop for a Moment…

Take a moment to think about what fitness and wellness goals you might have for yourself. If you don’t have a clear one, you might explore areas of your life you’d like to improve upon.

In health coaching, we often use a wellness wheel activity or a self-rating scale (1-10) to gauge how you feel about your performance in different areas of life. There are eight dimensions of wellness: physical, emotional, social, financial, occupational, environmental, intellectual, and spiritual.

Think about how you might grade yourself in these areas. You may be an A+ student in physical wellness while giving yourself a D- in finances. That is okay! We are in a constant state of growth every day and taking on new opportunities.

How Can Your Strengths Help You Grow?

Lean into your strengths—they are your north star. For example, maybe you’re a student and very disciplined with your time management. You could approach a new fitness goal in terms of time management. Instead of jumping straight into a new routine, build momentum into your day-to-day schedule.

Perhaps set a calendar reminder for ten minutes of walking and some bodyweight exercises. You don’t have to reach the end goal immediately; start by using your strengths as resources. Excelling in one area can eventually help you grow in others.

Start SMART

Setting a goal with SMART formatting is a perfect way to tackle the areas of wellness you want to improve. SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely.

The specificity of a goal is important because lasting habits are often tied to our values. Start with an “I” statement, such as “I will be going to the gym more often” or “I will eat more whole foods.”

Measurable goals clarify how you will know you’ve made progress. For example, “Going to the gym more often… after work on at least three days every week” gives you a tangible habit and a way to track success.

Set goals that are attainable within a realistic timeline. In health coaching, we usually start with three months to adopt new behaviors, though it can take nine months or more to make them habits. A three-month goal challenges you to grow but is short enough to fit your current schedule. Be realistic about your abilities to avoid discouragement.

Let’s Put It All Together and Tackle 2026!

Remember, set yourself a goal that sounds possible to yourself in a foreseeable timeline. It may take effort, but by clearly articulating WHAT you want or WHERE you’d like to be it removes some of the challenges around the unknown. Focus on the behaviors you want to improve and hold yourself accountable to how you are measuring your progress.

Setting a weekly action plan can help with accountability. This can be something simple like 3 small actions to perform that can assist the great goal.

If your goal is to get to the gym more, then maybe you might be setting these weekly action steps, for example:

1. I’ll pack my water bottle, and gym shorts the night before.

2. I’ll turn off my email at 5pm to get to the gym.

3. I’ll look at my fit watch to make sure I hit my goal.

Keep things simple and clear for yourself. You can easily spot when you may be falling off a bit and put yourself back into gear. You will have periods of a lack of motivation or perhaps many distractions in life…

Going back to your plan and focusing on small action steps will keep you moving forward foot by foot… day by day… and year by year. If you need help in setting a SMART goal, please reach out to me at acarpenter@nifs.org. I’m a health coach (NBC-HWC) here at NIFS and would enjoy the opportunity to help you reach your long-term goals.

You’ve got this!

The wait is over! Welcome to our improved Fitness Center!

NIFS is thrilled to share that our new Fitness Center redesign has officially been completed as of 12/19. We have reopened with some noticeable changes for our newer and long-time members. The Fitness Center is now divided into 11 distinct zones, each with unique equipment and spacing options for different needs.

How does the new layout benefit our members?

The fitness center re-design offers our members improved accessibility, well-organized and clearly designated areas for equipment options, and improved membership experience. This layout was constructed using staff and member feedback and partnering with a company to ensure NIFS complies with industry standards.

Improved Organization

Having equipment be accessible, regardless of capability or time available, was important for us to improve for all members. We listened to membership feedback and now offer zones that can be reserved to ensure there is space for everyone.

The Zone-based structure also assists our members by keeping equipment for similar purposes in the designated areas. You no longer must search for where the equipment is located. We wanted you to have less time walking to and from the next part of your workout, and more time chasing your goals!

Professionally Designed: Flow That Just Makes Sense

NIFS partnered with Exercise and Fitness Solutions, a professional company, during the layout design. They specialize in designing gyms so you can anticipate the flow of your workout being more comfortable and orderly.

For example, you may notice the warm-up and cardio equipment is now housed next to the sectorize and free weights zones. Now, you will be able to go straight from your warmup to your resistance training.

Plyometrics and power options (kettlebells, sleds, boxes, etc.) are also housed together towards the south end of the facility. This improves the experience for those members seeking strength gains by creating a space for them to build their community while seeking that new PR.

The Zones

Zone 1 – Cardio
Treadmills, ellipticals, Stairmasters, and more to boost heart health, endurance, and calorie burn.

Zone 2 – Selectorized
Pin-selected strength machines for guided adjustable resistance and easy progression.

Zone 3 – Plate Loaded
Plate-loaded machines and barbells built for strength training with flexible loading options.

Zone 4 – Free weights
Dumbbells and EZ curl-bars for classic strength work and functional muscle building.

Zone 5 – Power
Olympic lifting platforms designed for safe, explosive training and performance lifts.

Zone 6 – Strength
Full squat racks and barbells for foundational strength training at any level.

Zone 7 – Performance
Specialty equipment like glute-ham, med balls, TRX, and more for dynamic, functional training.

Zone 8 – Sprint Lanes
Great for speed drills, agility, and sport-style performance training.

Zone 9 – Auxiliary Court
Rowers, competition kettlebells, and open space for training, challenges, and collaboration.

Zone 10 – Basketball Court
The historic Pacers’ Market Square Arena court—train where the game made history.

Zone 11 – Track
A full-length indoor track for walking, jogging, conditioning, and interval training.

Introducing the “Zone Up Challenge”

To help members get comfortable with the new layout and make the most of the redesigned Fitness Center, NIFS is excited to introduce the Zone Up Challenge, starting January 1.

The idea is simple: when you work out, choose the one zone you used the most that day and submit it online. You can submit one zone per day, and each day gives you the opportunity to try a different area of the gym. Over time, you can explore all 11 zones at your own pace.

If you’re looking for a little guidance, our Health Fitness Specialists have created workouts for nine zones to help you learn the equipment and feel confident using the space. If you already have a routine you love, feel free to stick with it! You can still submit the zone you used the most.

Each daily submission earns you an entry, so the more days you participate, the more chances you’ll have to win. All participants will be entered for a chance to win two free entries to the DEKA Competition in March.

You can submit your daily zone and find the zone workouts at: https://www.nifs.org/zone-up

If you have questions or want help planning your workouts, stop by the Fitness Center and talk with a NIFS Health Fitness Specialist!

With winter coming we find ourselves indoors, and experiencing increased stressors related to the holiday season. Less sunlight in our days can contribute to some seasonal mood fluctuations and some of us may be traveling, hosting, or somewhere in between amidst social engagements. Stress is a valid emotional response to life’s problems, and it is okay, you may be experiencing it. Causes of stress like experiencing financial, physical, or emotional burdens with last minute deadlines for 2025 or planning can accumulate. So what do you do to combat this?

Is Stress Effecting Your Breathing?

Common sense would tell us that stress isn’t beneficial to our long-term health. Stress hormones like cortisol have a purpose in day-to-day to stimulate our “Fight-or-Flight” responses. However, sustained high levels of stress can lead to long term adverse health risks. My first bit of advice would be to take a moment for personal wellness when you are stressed. Take a moment to breathe or walk! Focus in and ask yourself, is my breathing shallow? Is my breathing deep from the diaphragm?

Your energy and responses to life are largely impacted on your breathing pattern. In yoga this is referred to as the “prana”, or first unit. Deep breathing patterns help regulate the parasympathetic (“Rest and Recover”) responses in our body.

You might explore box breathing. Box / Corner breathing consists of:

“4-4-4-4” Count Breathing while envisioning an equal sided box.

• Breathing in as you go up on side of the box for 4 counts
• Holding at the top of the box for 4 counts
• Breathing Out going down the side of the box for 4 counts
• Holding Empty Breath for 4 Counts

Setting a Plan that Prioritizes Wellbeing

After some time to reset and breathe (3-5+ Minutes), feel free to take some time to self-inventory your life and write out a two-column list. Honesty is key!

This list could include everything that is a challenge on one side. The other side could include a list of various supports you have available. Supports can include resources, relationships, community, tools, etc. Supports may be something small like utilizing the recovery area at NIFS for ten minutes.

Now that you have a list of the Challenges and Resources, sit with this for a moment.

Plan how you might utilize existing support systems the next time you are challenged. For example, if budgeting is a challenge, you can lean into a friend who knows finances. Recognizing that we have an inherent need of relatedness, and integrating support systems into our day-to-day challenges removes a lot of the pressures of individualized performance and may lead to better outcomes by involving more perspective and outside assistance.

Challenges in your life may or may not be solvable right now, and that is okay. What you do have control over is your small habits. You might think about a SMART goal related to sleep, hydrating, recovery, and mental wellbeing. Your goals should be meaningful to you and offer a measurable timeline you’d like to achieve things. Keeping your goal realistic to your current responsibilities and capability. Planning actionable weekly steps, you can track can be a start when setting 3-Month Goals.

Fortify and Plan for Setbacks

As you integrate wellness habits into your life, remember that setbacks will always be unavoidable. Life is simply unpredictable. The best approach to bouncing back from setbacks is proactive planning.

As a Health Coach (NBC-HWC), I’ve been fortunate enough to be part of the process of goal setting and action planning with many clients. When people are actively making changes to behavior, there is a phenomenon where people start to fall off with new routines around 3 weeks in. As part of the coaching process, we gameplan that setbacks will happen. You can do this for yourself right now!

After writing your goal out, then write out everything you can think of that could go wrong. Think about your job demands, family needs, school exams, car troubles, financial struggles that may be upcoming. Try to write out at least one specific plan to respond to each setback.

When life gets busy and overwhelming, remember your action steps and goals. You know your strengths, you know your challenges, and you know the steps to get back on top. You got this! NIFS has many coaching staff available, if you ever need assistance in setting your own wellness goals. You could start by taking advantage of a free complimentary meeting with a trainer included with your membership!

Gratitude could be defined as recognizing and appreciating the “good” things in our lives, regardless of challenges that come up. Gratitude is a positive emotion that aligns with a growth mindset. Practicing this emotion can benefit our sense of well-being by reminding us of the strengths, resources, and support systems in our lives. These positive aspects of our day-to-day empower us and remind us of many gifts we have. Positive thinking and gratitude can lead to an increased sense of self-efficacy and resiliency against setbacks. In other words, positive thinking leads to positive results.

Don’t Focus on the “Bad”

Focusing on the negative aspects of the day can be an avoidable trap. Life constantly evolves with new challenges and often distracts us from the things that make us happy. If we aren’t mindful of our thought habits, we may follow a pattern of negative thinking. Negative thinking and self-criticism build up over time and can detract fromthe overall sense of happiness and fulfillment. Negativity may affect performance, may diminish morale, and may contribute long-term to the progression of disorders such as anxiety and depression. Focusing on the “bad” can decrease our perception of happiness and ultimately lead to a more fixed mindset. Appreciating the better things in life steers our thoughts and emotions towards progression and growth, rather than fixating on the negative aspects. In 1998, Martin Seligman, former president of the American Psychological Association, started the discussion on positive psychology, which has evolved over the years. The P.E.R.M.A. model of well-being was later developed from his original theories. P.E.R.M.A is an acronym for positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement. This theory of positive psychology states that by acknowledging these positive aspects in our lives, we feed a deeper sense of intrinsic well-being.

Why is it important to practice gratitude?

Feeling gratitude, or practicing it intentionally, can benefit our sense of happiness because we train our thoughts to entertain aspects of P.E.R.M.A. These thoughts serve our own greater good and connect us back to relationships, meaning, and life purpose. These thoughts are focused on things we value, regardless of the circumstances we are in.

New challenges are approached with optimism as we make positive thinking habitual. Positive emotions, in a way, “strengthen” our mind by reinforcing our sense of contentment in ourselves and our surroundings. The practice of intentional positive thinking builds up mental resiliency to new challenges. Resiliency leads to approaching problems as a relative event, rather than an innate issue.

Gratitude can be a choice to acknowledge what is going well and move past the things that detract from our happiness. Gradually, positive thinking fosters a positive outlook when problem-solving, while we are actively engaged with day-to-day life.

How Gratitude can change a Fixed Mindset toward a Growth Mindset

Fixed-minded people often make the mistake of treating problems as failures or things to avoid. Growth-minded people are resilient because they treat problems as a process of ongoing development. By adopting a growth mindset, we can meet our challenges with an appreciation for where we are and embrace challenges as an anticipated part of the process. People who feel gratitude tend to be happier as they understand that life may be challenging at times, but offers many gifts to cherish.

Make Gratitude a Habit

You can start practicing gratitude in many ways by taking mindful moments throughout the day. One idea is to explore yoga, the inward journey, which was created to be a physical means of introspection and mindfulness. Try this… Before your next yoga session, try setting intentions on gratitude before your asana practice. Joining the Level 1 Yoga Class at NIFS, for example, could be a time to slow down and think about one or two things that provide meaning and happiness in your life. After 45 minutes, you may be surprised by how your thoughts are naturally more optimistic. The troubles from the day suddenly seem not so bad.

Ready to bring more mindfulness and gratitude into your day? Join NIFS Mindful November! Follow along on our social media or stop by the service desk to discover this month’s weekly prompts and participating fitness classes as part of our Mindful Challenge.

Movement is considered one of the best forms of preventive medicine to protect our health. In a general sense, the more we move, the healthier we tend to be. Movement isn’t restricted to structured exercises. Your body doesn’t really differentiate between walking up a flight of stairs or stepping on a stair climber. The wonderful thing about physical activity is that our bodies inherently know how to recover and adapt.

Why not work towards your health goals while surrounded by a community of like-minded people and listening to upbeat music? Here are some of the benefits you might see from joining in on Zumba or Hip-hop Dance at NIFS.

Rhythm, Positivity, & Community

Music has a way of connecting and bringing people together. Everyone coming into a dance class is there to either have fun, meet people, or find a new way to start moving. Our class keeps manageable intensity levels that are steady with the music beat. Zumba classes often follow a 128-140bpm cadence. The rhythm of the beat keeps the class fun while maintaining an aerobic intensity that is manageable and modifiable. Throughout the class, there are options for participants to modify their moves based on their comfort level and conditioning. Many people like Zumba and Hip-Hop dance because it is communal and there is a simple step of progression. The added challenges are optional, but almost everyone can join the basic moves.

The great thing is that there is no expectation of what level of skill you are at. Our instructors just ask that you move, have fun, and maybe share a smile. There is substantial evidence to support that dancing and being part of a group setting may be profoundly beneficial to our happiness and sense of well-being. You may make some friends and look forward to taking those steps together in every class.

Benefits to Cardiovascular Health

Engaging in steady state aerobics like Hip-Hop dance or Zumba could be a more enjoyable alternative to things like running if that is not your interest. You can reap many of the same benefits of other options in these fun classes, while listening to modern classics and uplifting beats. Many participants prefer to meet their aerobic activity goals in these dance classes. You’ll enjoy this form of exercise because everyone is moving at their own pace, having fun, while supporting their overall health.

Muscle Tone and Strength

Participating in Zumba and Hip-hop dance can activate all the muscles in your body. While the intensity is up to you, muscle activation across the whole body will promote total body muscle tone and development as you move. Dance requires a lot of core stability and movement through full ranges of motion, so expect to use your whole body and not just your lower body.

Coordination and Dance Skills

Stability and motor skills develop through frequency of movement, not necessarily intensity. As you join these fun dance classes, you may notice your body control and coordination will improve gradually. Learning how to dance is also a life skill you’ll take home with you. If you aren’t a natural dancer, that is okay. As you stay consistent with classes, you’ll improve those two left feet you started with. Many people getting into dance for the first time rejoice as they notice their motor skills improve and translate to other aspects of their training. Even athletes can notice benefits by integrating dance into their routine.

Life gets busy, you’ve been disciplined, consistent, and made progress with your fitness routine. What is the next important step that can improve performance in and out of the gym?

Recovery!

Recovery is just as important as the stresses your body adapts to during training. If you aren’t recovering well, you could see dips in your energy levels, a loss of muscle mass, or poor aerobic performance. Sleep and nutrition are crucial aspects of recovery, but what else can you do to speed up and get the most out of recovery?

Heat therapy options can help support your recovery!

Potential Benefits from Using the Recovery Area at NIFS

At NIFS we have three heat therapy options in our recovery areas, each located separately by walking through the male or female locker rooms offering a sauna, whirlpool, and steam room. These heat therapy options can offer several health benefits that support recovery.

Sauna

Dry sauna is the most well-known and researched heat therapy option. There has been substantial evidence that it offers numerous health benefits. Regular dry sauna sessions may improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which promotes better blood flow and circulation through your cardiovascular system. Increased blood flow means more oxygen and nutrients can reach deeper into the cells of muscle tissues and other organs, thus boosting recovery time in some cases.

Other benefits of sauna might include flushing toxins like heavy metals, PCBs, and BPA found in many plastics. These can affect your endocrine system which regulates your hormonal functions. Sweating out toxins could be one of many ways to support detoxification of environmental pollutants.

Whirlpool

Whirlpool is another option for heat application that could be more beneficial to joint health by combining heat application and hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure reduces strain on the joints applied by gravity, and the buoyancy of water may help activate many stabilizer muscles surrounding joints. If you have poor mobility and stiff joints, this could be one heat therapy option. The heat of the whirlpool will support blood flow, as the water submersion can allow muscles to relax around joints.

Our whirlpool has two water jet systems as well, so you can experience a gentle water massage as you relax.

Steam Room

The steam room offers unique health benefits from exposure to heat and high humidity. Heat exposure is like other options but may have some unique benefits when compared to sauna or whirlpool. Various studies have shown that moderate heat exposure and high humidity can have an effect of relieving congestion of the nasal passages and improving breathing.

Other benefits of the steam room are that it can hydrate and open pours on the surface of skin. The steam room can also allow for joint pain relief for conditions like arthritis, while not involving the higher temperature of a dry sauna.

Safety Considerations

Exposure to high heat may be a potential risk for populations with cardiovascular disease as well as other other diseases affecting perfusion and internal core temperature regulation. If you have a medical condition, you should consult with your doctor before starting and integrating heat therapy into your routine, you can read more about NIFS general use guidelines for the recovery area via our house rules.

We hope you enjoy the numerous potential health benefits that are offered in our NIFS recovery areas!

Mental health is directly connected and dynamically influenced by our activity levels and our physical health. Why is this?

Physical activity is an integral part of keeping your body, mind, and spirit healthy. Regular physical activity supports cardiovascular health, bone density, muscle mass, disease prevention, and numerous other health benefits. How else does physical activity benefit us?

Stimulus and Our Brains’ Stress Responses

Physical activity stimulates both the Central Nervous System (CNS) and our Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) with signals about our environment, what we feel, our movement control, and our bodily functions.

Our incredible brains respond with what we call sympathetic and parasympathetic feedback responses. These signals regulate everything our body does. Without these signals coming to and from our brain and spinal cord, we wouldn’t react or function in any sense.

Sympathetic responses are related to stress and our “fight or flight” state. When we wake up, get nervous, or experience adrenaline, we release hormones like cortisol that activate our bodies to be ready for action. In these states, we breathe faster and start to divert most of our blood flow toward our muscles and extremities. We also typically do not have focused attention and are heightened in our awareness of everything. We may become hyperalert, agitated, and uncomfortable. These states are useful in short bouts during our daily lives.

Parasympathetic responses are related to our “rest and recover” states that allow us to calm down and return to our natural baseline. During these responses, we release hormones like acetylcholine that have relaxing and calming effects on all of our systems. Blood flow is more uniform across the entire body, and we feel at ease. We can offer more attention to fine details and think with greater clarity. We also experience sensations of hunger, tiredness, and contentment. This state supports our long-term health by ensuring our nutrition and sleep needs are addressed.

Progression into poor states of mental well-being can be common when people become sedentary and don’t stimulate themselves with movement. Life’s stresses can accumulate, and in serious cases, people can develop depression, anxiety, and other concerns when they can’t self-regulate their sympathetic responses. What can we do to help support healthy responses to stress?

Physical Activity and Exercise – “Controlled Stress”

Physical activity benefits us by allowing our mind to release stress (reducing levels of hormones like cortisol) as we condition ourselves to relax after stress and exertion. When we engage in physical activity, we create a stress stimulus, and in response, our body releases catecholamines such as endorphins, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

The Mental Wellness Benefits of Physical Activity

Exercise is simply structured physical activity. When we engage in physical activity, we expose ourselves to a controlled amount of physical stress that can lead to long-term adaptations, as well as short-term benefits. Common benefits that result from exercise include lower blood pressure, better insulin sensitivity, increased muscle mass, increased bone density, and increased stroke volume.

Our mental performance and focus can benefit from dopamine release influenced by physical activity. Some studies document short-term cognitive improvements in both working and episodic memory. Short-term focus and attention can be improved for hours after bouts of physical activity. Retention of long-term memory from working memory may also be enhanced as we transition through stages of sleep. This means that we may retain more information in our daily activities after physical activity and thus improve our ability to learn.

Another important mental benefit of physical activity is decreased stress levels due to lowered cortisol. This hormone can increase your blood pressure, disrupt digestion, cause depression, weight gain, and sleep issues. When we exercise, we allow our body to release catecholamines and reduce cortisol levels in the blood. This is one of the reasons we feel better immediately after exercise. Afterward, it’s common to experience lower blood pressure, feelings of contentment, achievement, and overall calmness.

One final benefit that is crucial to mention is improved sleep quality. Lower cortisol levels can help prevent or improve sleep disruptions and difficulty falling asleep. The combination of energy expenditure and hormonal responses following exercise enhances our sleep quality.

Why Not Engage in Physical Activity?

Exercise is a form of medicine that proactively improves our mind, body, and spirit. We can see improved stress response and management, enhanced focus and clarity, and better emotional well-being. Why wouldn’t you want to do something that can improve the quality of your life so dramatically?

Not sure where to start? Meet with a NIFS personal trainer to help you reach your goals!

If you or someone you know is living with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), incorporating regular physical activity into daily life is one of the best ways to manage symptoms and support overall health. Exercise doesn't always mean traditional gym workouts — movement of any kind that supports balance, agility, aerobic capacity, and muscular strength can make a big difference.

Below are helpful tips and ideas to help you get started or build on your current routine.

Build a Routine That Works for You

Having a routine creates consistency, which is key for long-term success. Physical activity doesn’t have to happen all at once or even in a gym. Movement can be broken up throughout the day and done at home, outside, or wherever feels comfortable and safe.

Simple activities like walking, gardening, stretching, or playing games with loved ones all count. The most important thing is that you enjoy what you’re doing and can stick with it over time.

Start Small and Stay Consistent

Start with what feels doable and build from there. If you’re new to exercise, try increasing how many days a week you’re active or gradually extending how long you move each day.

Progress takes time, but consistency pays off. Show up for yourself, and celebrate each step forward.

Make Home Your Workout Space

You don’t need fancy equipment or a gym to move your body. Walking around the house, stretching in the living room, or using resistance bands can be just as effective.

A safe, clutter-free space and some comfortable clothes are all you need to get started. An empty corner or sturdy chair can double as great tools for balance and support.

Move With a Buddy or Join a Group

Exercising with others can make it more fun and motivating. Whether it’s a walking partner, a family member, or a community fitness class tailored to individuals with PD, having that social connection makes a big difference.

Look for local programs or PD-specific classes that focus on balance, strength, and coordination.

Focus on Agility, Flexibility, and Balance

Incorporating these elements into your routine helps strengthen your neuromuscular system and improves your ability to move confidently and safely. Aim to include flexibility and balance work a few times each week.

Some great exercises to try include:

• Walking backward or sideways

• Turning in place

• Sit-to-stand movements

• Stepping over low objects

Stretching after a warm-up or at the end of your session can also help improve mobility and reduce stiffness.

Get Your Heart Pumping with Aerobic Activity

Aerobic exercise supports cardiovascular health, boosts endurance, and improves your overall energy. Try to incorporate moderate-intensity cardio (like brisk walking or cycling) into your week.

Even if you can’t manage 30 minutes at once, short 10–15 minute sessions add up. The ultimate goal is to reach at least 150 minutes of aerobic activity per week, in whatever combination works for you.

Build Strength Through Resistance Training

Strength training helps with posture, independence, and day-to-day movements. Try to include resistance exercises two or three times a week, allowing for rest between sessions.

Focus on strengthening key muscle groups like your back, shoulders, glutes, and hips — all of which play a major role in balance and posture.

Try exercises like:

• Hip bridges

• Sit-to-stands

• Wall or modified pushups

• Bird dogs

• High knee marches with overhead reach

• Clamshells

• Heel lifts

Use a sturdy surface for support if needed, especially for balance.

Anticipate Barriers and Plan Ahead

Life gets busy, and motivation can fluctuate. Planning ahead can help you stay on track. If time is a challenge, try shorter sessions. If balance is a concern, modify the exercises to suit your needs.

Lean on your support system. Ask a friend to join you, or set reminders to keep yourself accountable. Flexibility and creative thinking go a long way.

Be Patient with Yourself and Practice Gratitude

Some days will be harder than others, and that’s okay. What matters is that you’re making an effort to care for your body and mind.

Take a few minutes each day to reflect and celebrate your progress — no matter how small. Writing down one or two things you’re grateful for can shift your mindset and boost motivation.

Managing Parkinson’s through movement is one of the most empowering choices you can make. Whether you’re just getting started or have been active for years, every bit of effort counts. Build your routine around what feels right for you and focus on progress, not perfection.

You’ve got this — and you don’t have to do it alone.

We often focus on heart health strategies during waking hours—exercising regularly, staying physically active, and eating nutritious meals. For instance, aerobic exercise strengthens the cardiovascular system by enhancing the heart's efficiency. With consistent training, the heart pumps blood more effectively, leading to benefits like increased left ventricle size, stronger contractions, and greater stroke volume. Similarly, limiting foods high in calories, saturated fats, and refined sugars helps reduce harmful byproducts like cholesterol, triglycerides, and excess sugar. But what about the hours we spend sleeping? Could your sleep habits be influencing your long-term heart health?

The Role of Sleep in Recovery:

Sleep plays a critical role in the recovery of muscles, tissues, and the central nervous system (CNS). During sleep, our brain cycles through non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) stages, which are essential for overall recovery. A healthy sleep pattern also supports the body’s circadian rhythm—a natural, 24-hour cycle that regulates hormones, energy levels, and metabolic functions. For example, cortisol helps us wake up feeling energized, while melatonin prepares us for sleep as night approaches. Historically, circadian rhythms aligns with daylight, but modern lifestyles often disrupt these natural cycles.

Modern Sleep Challenges:

Today, many people work irregular schedules, leading to disrupted sleep patterns. In fact, about one in three adults struggles to get the recommended 7+ hours of quality, uninterrupted sleep each night. Without completing full sleep cycles, the CNS cannot fully recover, leaving the body in a heightened state of stress. This dysregulation affects hormones critical for the "rest and digest" functions, impairing recovery.

Consequences of Poor Sleep:

Chronic poor sleep impacts both mental and physical health. It diminishes cognitive function, causes fatigue, and can even lead to metabolic dysfunction. Sleep deprivation often results in less nutritious food choices, contributing to weight gain and a higher risk of obesity. Additionally, poor sleep disrupts metabolism, further compounding weight-related challenges.

Sleep and Heart Health:

Short sleep (<7 hours) has been linked to inefficient metabolism, reduced cognition, and low energy levels. It also keeps the body under prolonged stress, raising heart rate and blood pressure. Over time, these effects can harm cardiovascular health, increasing the risk of heart disease and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Combined with poor diet and low physical activity, chronic sleep issues heighten the likelihood of heart disease, diabetes, and vascular problems.

Tips for Better Sleep:

Improving your sleep environment and habits can significantly boost your sleep quality and heart health. Here are some actionable steps:

• Create a Sleep-Friendly Environment: Avoid screens emitting blue light before bed, reduce background noise, and keep your bedroom dark and cool.
• Time Your Activities: Avoid heavy exercise or large meals within three hours of bedtime.
• Stick to a Schedule: Consistent sleep and wake times help regulate your circadian rhythm.
• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity promotes better sleep quality.
• Optimize Your Diet: Eat nutritious meals and limit caffeine intake to 5–7 hours before bedtime.
  
  

If you’re struggling to establish healthy sleep habits, consider consulting a doctor or health coach for personalized guidance.